hr là gì

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Human resources (HR) is the phối of people who làm đẹp the workforce of an organization, business sector, industry, or economy. A narrower concept is human capital, the knowledge and skills which the individuals command. Similar terms include manpower, labor, or personnel.

The Human Resources department (HR department) of an organization performs human resource management, overseeing various aspects of employment, such as compliance with labor law and employment standards, interviewing and selection, performance management, administration of Employee benefits, organizing of employee files with the required documents for future reference, and some aspects of recruitment (also known as talent acquisition) and employee offboarding.^[1] They serve as the liên kết between an organization's management and its employees.

The duties include planning, recruitment and selection process, posting job ads, evaluating the performance of employees, organizing resumes and job applications, scheduling interviews and assisting in the process and ensuring background checks. Another job is payroll and benefits administration which đơn hàng with ensuring vacation and sick time are accounted for, reviewing payroll, and participating in benefits tasks, lượt thích claim resolutions, reconciling benefits statements, and approving invoices for payment.^[2] HR also coordinates employee relations activities and programs including, but not limited to lớn, employee counseling.^[3] The last job is regular maintenance, this job makes sure that the current HR files and databases are up to lớn date, maintaining employee benefits and employment status and performing payroll/benefit-related reconciliations.^[2]

Activities[edit]

A human resources manager can have various functions in a company, including to: ^[4]

• Determine the needs of the staff/personnel.
• Determine whether to lớn use temporary staff or hire employees to lớn fill these needs.
• Determine do's and don'ts.
• Train and develop management styles
• Recruit and/or interview the best employees
• Train employees and upgrade their learning knowledge
• Supervise the work
• Evaluate the work
• Establish discipline work culture in the organization
• Avoid politics in the office.
• Apply HR software for the ease of work in the organization.
• Manage employee relations. If there are unions, perform collective bargaining
• Prepare employee records and personal policies.
• Manage employee payroll, benefits, and compensation
• Ensure equal opportunities
• Deal with discrimination
• Deal with performance issues
• Prepare remote work and hybrid work policy
• Ensure that human resources practices conform to lớn various regulations
• Motivate employees
• Mediate disputes
• Disseminate information in the organization sánh as to lớn benefit its growth

Managers need to lớn develop their interpersonal skills to lớn be effective. Organizational behavior focuses on how to lớn improve factors that make organizations more effective.

History[edit]

Human resource management used to lớn be referred to lớn as "personnel administration". In the 1920s, personnel administration focused mostly on the aspects of hiring, evaluating, and compensating employees. However, they did not focus on any employment relationships at an organizational performance level or on the systematic relationships in any parties. This led to lớn a lacked unifying paradigm in the field during this period.^[5]

According to lớn an HR Magazine article, the first personnel management department started at the National Cash Register Co. in 1900. The owner, John Henry Patterson, organized a personnel department to lớn khuyễn mãi giảm giá with grievances, discharges and safety, and information for supervisors on new laws and practices after several strikes and employee lockouts. This action was followed by other companies; for example, Ford had high turnover ratios of 380 percent in 1913, but just one year later, the line workers of the company had doubled their daily salaries from $2.50 to lớn $5, even though $2.50 was a fair wage at that time.^[6] This example clearly shows the importance of effective management which leads to lớn a greater outcome of employee satisfaction as well as encouraging employees to lớn work together in order to lớn achieve better business objectives.

During the 1970s, American businesses began experiencing challenges due to lớn the substantial increase in competitive pressures. Companies experienced globalization, deregulation, and rapid technological change which caused the major companies to lớn enhance their strategic planning – a process of predicting future changes in a particular environment and focus on ways to lớn promote organizational effectiveness. This resulted in developing more jobs and opportunities for people to lớn show their skills which were directed to lớn effectively applying employees toward the fulfillment of individual, group, and organizational goals. Many years later the major/minor of human resource management was created at universities and colleges also known as business administration. It consists of all the activities that companies used to lớn ensure the more effective use of employees.^[7]

Now, human resources focus on the people side of management.^[7] There are two real definitions of HRM (Human Resource Management); one is that it is the process of managing people in organizations in a structured and thorough manner.^[7] This means that it covers the hiring, firing, pay and perks, and performance management.^[7] This first definition is the modern and traditional version more lượt thích what a personnel manager would have done back in the 1920s.^[7] The second definition is that HRM circles the ideas of management of people in organizations from a macromanagement perspective lượt thích customers and competitors in a marketplace.^[7] This involves the focus on making the "employment relationship" fulfilling for both management and employees.^[7]

Some research showed that employees can perform at a much higher rate of productivity when their supervisors and managers paid more attention to lớn them.^[6] The Father of Human relations, Elton Mayo, was the first person to lớn reinforce the importance of employee communications, cooperation, and involvement.^[6] His studies concluded that sometimes the human factors are more important than thở physical factors, such as quality of lighting and physical workplace conditions. As a result, individuals often place value more on how they feel.^[6] For example, a rewarding system in Human resource management, applied effectively, can further encourage employees to lớn achieve their best performance.

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Origins of the terminology[edit]

Pioneering economist John R. Commons mentioned "human resource" in his 1893 book The Distribution of Wealth but did not elaborate.^[8] The expression was used during the 1910s to lớn 1930s to lớn promote the idea that human beings are of worth (as in human dignity); by the early 1950s, it meant people as a means to lớn an over (for employers).^[9] Among scholars the first use of the phrase in that sense was in a 1958 report by economist E. Wight Bakke.^[10]

In regard to lớn how individuals respond to lớn the changes in a labor market, the following must be understood:

• Skills and qualifications: as industries move from manual to lớn more managerial professions sánh does the need for more highly skilled staff. If the market is "tight" (i.e. not enough staff for the jobs), employers must compete for employees by offering financial rewards, community investment, etc.
• Geographical spread: how far is the job from the individual? The distance to lớn travel to lớn work should be in line with remuneration, and the transportation and infrastructure of the area also influence who applies for a position.
• Occupational structure: the norms and values of the different careers within an organization. Mahoney 1989 developed 3 different types of occupational structure, namely, craft (loyalty to lớn the profession), organization career path (promotion through the firm), and unstructured (lower/unskilled workers who work when needed).
• Generational difference: different age categories of employees have certain characteristics, for example, their behavior and their expectations of the organization.^[11]

Criticism of the terminology[edit]

One major concern about considering people as assets or resources is that they will be commoditized, objectified, and abused. Human beings are not "commodities" or "resources", but are creative and social beings in a productive enterprise. The 2000 revision of ISO 9001, in contrast, requires identifying the processes, their sequence, and interaction, and to lớn define and communicate responsibilities and authorities. In general, heavily unionized nations such as France and Germany have adopted and encouraged such approaches. Also, in 2001, the International Labour Organization decided to lớn revisit and revise its 1975 Recommendation 150 on Human Resources Development, resulting in its "Labour is not a commodity" principle. One view of these trends is that a strong social consensus on political economy and a good social welfare system facilitate labor mobility and tend to lớn make the entire economy more productive, as labor can develop skills and experience in various ways, and move from one enterprise to lớn another with little controversy or difficulty in adapting.

Another important controversy regards labor mobility and the broader philosophical issue with the usage of the phrase "human resources". Governments of developing nations often regard developed nations that encourage immigration or "guest workers" as appropriating human capital that is more rightfully part of the developing nation and required to lớn further its economic growth. Over time, the United Nations have come to lớn more generally support^{[citation needed]} the developing nations' point of view, and have requested significant offsetting "foreign aid" contributions sánh that a developing nation losing human capital does not lose the capacity to lớn continue to lớn train new people in trades, professions, and the arts.

Some businesses and companies are choosing to lớn rename this department using other terms, such as "people operations" or "culture department," in order to lớn erase this stigma. ^[12]

Development[edit]

Human resource companies play an important part in developing and making a company or organization at the beginning or making a success at the over, due to lớn the labor provided by employees. Human resources are intended to lớn show how to lớn have better employment relations in the workforce. Also, to lớn bring out the best work ethic of the employees and therefore making a move to lớn a better working environment.^[13] Moreover, green human resource development is suggested as a paradigm shift from traditional approaches of human resource companies to lớn bring awareness of ways that expertise can be applied to lớn green practices. By integrating the expertise, knowledge, and competencies of human resource development practitioners with industry practitioners, most industries have the potential to lớn be transformed into a sector with ecofriendly and pro-environmental culture.^[14]

Human resources also đơn hàng with essential motivators in the workplace such as payroll, benefits, team morale and workplace harassment. ^[1]

Planning[edit]

Administration and operations used to lớn be the two role areas of HR. The strategic planning component came into play as a result of companies recognizing the need to lớn consider HR needs in goals and strategies. HR directors commonly sit on company executive teams because of the HR planning function. Numbers and types of employees and the evolution of compensation systems are among elements in the planning role.^[15] Various factors affecting Human Resource: planning organizational structure, growth, business location, demographic changes, environmental uncertainties, expansion etc. Additionally, this area encompasses the realm of talent management.^{[citation needed][16]}

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See also[edit]

References[edit]

External links[edit]

• Library resources in your library and in other libraries about Human resources